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im neuen Projektwiki (projekte.zum.de).Poverty in India
Despite of remarkable economic growth India is still one of the poorest countries of the world and miserable living conditions is still a pervasive problem. India is also one of the biggest countries in the world with a population of 1.35 billion[1] (January 2019) and more than 13% of the total population still live with $1.90 a day[2]
Inhaltsverzeichnis |
History and economical progress
The number of people living in extreme poverty has changed quickly in years past. According to the World Bank more than 90 million has escaped extreme poverty in the period between 2011/2012 and 2015. Also the townscapes in the urbanized regions have changed; the number of the poor population in cities has decreased as well.
| Poverty | Number of poor (million) | Rate (%) | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Poverty Line | 273.1 | 21.9 | 2011 |
| International Poverty Line US $1.90 (2011 PPP) per day per capita | 175.7 | 13.4 | 2015 |
| Lower Middle Income Class Poverty Line US $3.20 (2011 PPP) per day per capita | 659.2 | 50.4 | 2015 |
| Upper Middle Income Class Poverty Line US $5.50 (2011 PPP) per day per capita | 1,077.0 | 82.3 | 2015 |
The "World Poverty Clock" predicts that untill the beginnig of the year 2020 less than 3% of the total population will live in extreme poverty (currently: 3.6% according to "World Poverty Clock")[3]
Reduction of poverty by the government
Since 1950 the government of India tries to reduce the poverty, for example by subsidising groceries and other vital necessities for example through the "National Food Security Bill" from 2013. The government also developed a better education system and helped eradicating disparities between rural and urbanized areas for example trough the "Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarentee Scheme" from 2005; through this and other laws the government increased the access to better wages (minimunm wages). [4][5][6]
ModiCare
Founded by the current indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, "Modi Care" is the world's biggest health insurrance scheme. It should help the poor population (under the poverty line of indian government: 26 rupees a day) to get better access to healt care. The government estimates costs of 1.6 billion dollars per year but it would help about 100 million families.
Uprising industry in India
India has one the fastest growing economies in the world. In 2017 India had a GDP (Gross domestic product) grwoth rate of 6.7%[7] (still increasing), while Germany had a growth rate of 2.5%[8] (aim: continual and appropriate economic growth (StabG))[9].
An important sector in the uprising industry of India became the IT/Software-sector just recently. The software-industry was freed by regulations and patronising by the government and bureaucracy as it was the case in other sectors as a part of command economy in India. Because of the IT-sector India was seen as an international economyplayer again.[10]
The economic progress also has an influence on the national prosperity of the country. The labour force increased and also the employmentrates in "higher" paied jobs did: The rate of employees in wage employement increased by approximatly 8% in the period of 1993 untill 2012[11]
Living Expenses and the poverty in India today
In India the per capita income per year is with 43,479 rupees (about 611 US Dollars) or estimatedly 130 Rupees (1.83 US Dollar) a day very low and shows the poverty of the country. Nevertheless the government sets the national poverty line to 26 rupees a day in rural areas and 32 rupees in cities Despite of the phenomenal economic progress still 195.9 million people are undernourished in India and the country has an World Hunger Index of 31.4 (2018)
Political problems
Manipulation
Corruption
References
- ↑ Accoridng to recent data: http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/india-current-population.html
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Accordind to poverty data of India by the World bank: http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/IND
- ↑ "World Poverty Clock" by World Data Lab in Vienna: https://worldpoverty.io/, last accessed 16.01.2019
- ↑ http://www.bpb.de/internationales/asien/indien/189202/grosse-armut-und-zunehmende-ungleichheit (german), last accessed 16.01.2019
- ↑ National Food Security Act 2013: https://www.india.gov.in/national-food-security-act-2013
- ↑ Ministry of Rural Development, India: http://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx
- ↑ Data for India by the "Internation Monetary Fund (IMF)": https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/IND, last accessed 16.01.2019
- ↑ Data for Germany by the "Internation Monetary Fund (IMF)": https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/DEU , last accessed 16.01.2019
- ↑ "Stabilitäts- und Wachstumsgesetz (StabG)" - Law in furtherance of economic growth [...]: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stabg/ (german), last accessed 16.01.2019
- ↑ "Wirtschaftssystem und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Indien" auf bpb.de : http://www.bpb.de/internationales/asien/indien/44512/ueberblick-wirtschaft
- ↑ India Wage Report 2018 by the "International Labour Organization (ILO)": https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---sro-new_delhi/documents/publication/wcms_638305.pdf
